Ethics and Morals
Translated and compiled by Jittithap naudom.
Master of Arts (Philosophy and Religion) with a major in Philosophy and Religion. KU.
Behavior is a mirror to our character and the
habits of people. Ethics is a tool that helps to interpret human values. By
looking at the character, quirks and behavior. As the person expresses
voluntarily in that action. All human beings are born either male or female, child
or adult. They all have duties to do, and take responsibility together. For
example, parents are responsible for raising children and train, and teach, but
in a good way, etc. Show that, what should do and should not do, such as
sacrifice for the Nation, Religion and King. These are the highest ideals of
the Thai people. Socrates, famous Greek philosopher, drinking poison to death, to
maintain reason or ideology. The highest good here means, the suitability of
the duties that should be performed first, or a specific function that is more
important, feeling of suitability for this role. It's the impetus for us to act
quickly before anything else. For
example, when multiple functions occur at the same time, unable to act at the
same time. You have to choose to do things that are more valuable.
Theologians say, Ethics is, The Science of Good,
not the science of correctness, rules are not for the sake of rules. It is
intended to achieve goodness. We can see that. Ethics is the science of human
behavior, that with good, exactitude, what should and should not do. This is
for human beings to live their lives in a normal society. (Prawet Inthongpan, 2010: 243.)
Therefore, ethics is directed towards the
supreme good of man, any action. That leads to this highest goodness is
goodness. Any action that hinders progress is evil, for this reason. Ethics
therefore focus on the excellence of human life. Exactitude, Rules are just
tricks to reach their goals.
The meaning of ethics, Ethics according to Etymology in Sanskrit, literally translated as science of behavior or the science of behavior. Ethics in Latin is called, Ethos, which means habit or principles of behavior. Sometimes it's called Moral Philosophy or Ethical. Ethics corresponds to Latin. Mores, Refers to regulations, schemes or practices, corresponds to English that Ethics. Refers to the science of morality, Moral principles, rules of conduct and behavior.
Ethics dignitaries, the Sophists. The role of the Sophists, It is important in the history of ethics. For three reasons: 1. The ethics of the Sophists, arose out of a desire to criticize the theory of knowledge, and freedom moral theory. 2. The Sophists, was the first faculty member in the history of ethics, that seeks to seek methods for the supreme goodness of man and 3. The group of people is a prominent feature in the teachings of the Sophists, is to seek out important truths, and considered that people with reason must seek good for their own benefit. Sophist saw that, virtue is something that everyone can understand for themselves, and having good and bad relationship characteristics. It's a different mind, absolute truth and there is no stereotype in this world. Conclude that, The view of the Sophists, good, evil, right, wrong, truth, etc., is a matter of the individual to determine for himself.
Ethics of Stoic, namely morality of well-being, exist in rational action or exists in human nature. Some natures can define themselves. Some of them are dictated by the eternal laws of the universe. Expressed in the form of reason. Consisting of moral virtues is the same thing, for the individual. The consequence of rational action is self-reliance and independence. Which caused by emotional control. Therefore, virtue is not enjoyment, but a beacon of life for mankind.
Ethics of Synics, The ultimate aim is morality. A person who is virtuous person. A person who is perfect in himself is a citizen of the world, and have complete freedom. Wisdom is a quality of a person. Which is responsible for controlling emotions, and the desire to be at the right level. The main moral part of Diogenes. Is to live according to nature, and self-control is the highest quality.
Ethics of Sirenics, regarded as knowledge and culture. It is a valuable virtue that leads to happiness. Smart people do not fall into the power of happiness. Which is the source of carelessness. Justice is what we create, not in nature.
Ethics of Epicurean, It is considered that reason is very important in our moral life, because it allows us to attain true happiness. Discretion is an important virtue. It is useful for you to choose the right happy. Modesty teaches us to know moderation in the pursuit of happiness. Not obsessed with being immersed in happiness until forgetting. Friendship is a virtue that is more valuable than wisdom.
The ethics of Socrates, The problem that Socrates is most interested, is the problem of having a happy life. Socrates said that the problem at the heart of philosophy, is to set rules of life for practice to achieve complete happiness in life. People who are virtuous about good, It is absolutely necessary to have knowledge. It is a tool to keep the goodness that one has to be stable. Knowledge and goodness are closely related. Good deeds require knowledge, rely on yourself and others. In conclusion, The ethics of Socrates, it is knowledge is the supreme good.
Ethics of Plato, Plato had a view of good and
evil. Goodness, Is that the world of purity is an unchanging thought. Goodness
has a purpose in itself. We do good for good, not for any other purpose. Evil
is a world of sensory change. Because, reason is the supreme good of man. The
purpose of life is to free the soul from suffering. Life consists reasons, it
is the highest life of a human being. In regard to happiness, Plato said that
man should not seek happiness at the end of his life. Happiness should be
sought when we are alive. Plato had a great desire to show that, justice in the
purest sense is goodness.
Plato's basic or state ethics, is the training
of citizens to be honest. Virtuous about good, and having a well-being.
Ethics of individuality, Plato said that people must fulfill their duties of good citizens by obeying the laws of the state. (Chaiwat Atpat: 106.)
Ethics of Aristotle, According to Aristotle's
view, Ethics is the highest science. And the highest good in human life is
happiness. The happiness Aristotle meant was not enjoyment. Enjoyment is the
second-class result in good deeds, therefore it is included in the supreme good
deeds. But, it is not the same as the supreme good. Aristotle admits that, Ethics
is not an exact science like mathematics or logic. The effect of ethics is just
a general effect and often does not produce a certain effect. The person who
will answer the ethical problem must be a person with life experience, Be
educated about the general subject and be able to control or control their
emotions. Aristotle criticized some ethical theories that, People tend to
understand well-being as one with enjoyment, wealth, honor, and fame. But these
are, according to the ethical point of view of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle,
Is not the destination of life at all, because wealth is only a means of
progressing to well-being.
The morality of well-being, In summary, it is integrity
in duty and it's unconditional goodness. Human beings have two parts of the
soul, the first being a rational spirit, which is the consciousness, and the
other part is the spirit which is the unconscious mind. A person of virtue,
according to Aristotle, is one who is well-behaved, whose function is perfect
and without defect. As for the virtues of well-being, It's something that we
will have to understand for the rest of our lives, And to be able to complete
the function, There must be a spirit of virtue.
Virtue Aristotle defined virtue as the middle
ground between moderation and excess. For example, courage lies between
recklessness and cowardice, etc. The Greek letter morality means goodness, and
it is also defined as a state of mind that is stable.
Aristotle classified virtues into two
categories: 1. Intellectual morality refers to both theoretical knowledge, and
the practical part of the rational spirit, The duty of the soul is to know and
discover the truth. and 2. Moral virtues such as moderation and courage, etc. Moral
virtues arise from the habits of each individual. Which have different basis and
morality in general, Still in the form of teachings.
Aristotle gave the view of the middle path: A good person is one who lives a middle path, such as being
courageous, moderate, generous, good-humored, and polite. To live a good life,
according to Aristotle, human beings must live rationally, therefore it will be
named, be a good human being, be fair, is known to think and can be a good
example of life for others. Happy people, According to Aristotle's point of
view, he was a person of good moral character, by following the middle path.
Aristotle divided his life into three levels:
(1) daily life that we must pay attention to, (2) life that is going on in
society, and (3) life that requires peace.
Aristotle
divided goodness into three types: 1. External goodness such as honor and
reputation, etc., 2. Spiritual goodness, such as wisdom, happiness, and virtue,
etc., and 3. Physical goodness, such as being healthy, being a perfect body, beautiful figure, etc.
Aristotle's four special virtues are: 1. Modesty, 2. Courage, 3. Justice, and 4. Friendship. Aristotle divided friendships into
three types: (1) friendship born of benefit, (2) friendship born of pleasure, and (3) friendship born of goodness, and
Aristotle classified friendship into 4 types: 1. friendship between unequal
people 2. friendship between parents and children 3. friendship between
masters, and subordinates and 4. friendship between women and men. Aristotle
held that knowledge and morality were inseparable, dependent on each other in
every process. Because every activity requires knowledge and virtue.
Aristotle's ideal life is one that is complete in duty, reasonable and virtuous (Chaiwat Atpat: 130-133).
Ethics of Hobbes, Hobbes' basic ethics is self-serving, and the pursuit of good for oneself. These things are for the advancement of perfection and happiness. Social harmony is very important to personal happiness. This kind of happiness comes from obeying the laws of nature. These rules are also rules of social ethics. Failure to violate these rules counts as is a good thing. Social good, as Hobbes understands, is only a kind of usefulness, that is, a method but not a purpose in itself, for the general public. The system of ethics Hobbs, important to ethical history. That is, Hobbes asserted that the character of a person's goodness is the same as that of a Protagoras. That speaks of the goodness of the individual, and the good of society. There is no goodness of society without the goodness of its members. Happiness, according to Hobbes, is what sustains life's progress, and have a long life. As for suffering, according to Hobbes, it is what hinders progress. and the impermanence of life. (Chaiwat Atpat: 145-147,158)
Spinoza's ethics, Spinoza said that there is no
difference between good and evil. But good and evil are real things. Therefore,
the difference between good and evil, if any, is a misconception of a person. Resulting
from ignorance, It's something that really exists. For this reason, the virtue
of well-being, therefore arising from knowledge, and the highest knowledge is
knowledge of God.
Spinoza has ethics similar to Plato's ethics, and Aristotle. Spinoza said that knowledge of the truth is a good that already exists, By nature, and this knowledge is not merely an intellectual understanding of the truth. It is the authenticity of the content of various factors. it is a connection between spirit and truth. In addition, Spinoza also expressed the view of ethics that ethics is rational living, and the development of reasoning in life to be as complete as possible (Chaiwat Atpat: 147-149).
Ethics of Immanuel Kant, Kant's ethics has a
rational nature. Popular reason, The ideal of life is to perform duties
perfectly, with reason as a navigator. The happiness is considered, The ideal
of life is to enjoy, caused by the senses, and want human beings to have morals
by nature.
Kant's ethics is the difference in human
nature. Differences in moral thought.
Kant's ethical problem is good will, about moral rules, morality or goodness, about the right action,
and the meaning of duty.
Kant's key ethical principles are freedom of will, immortality of the soul, existence of god, ultimate aim, and the freedom of individual people (Chaiwat Atpat: 157,158)
Confucius' ethics, In principle, it is to be
courteous to each other or to please them to care about us. Confucius divided
five pairs of related persons: 1. Parents and subjects 2. Fathers and children
3. Husband and wife 4. Brothers and sisters 5. Friends and friends. Confucius
taught that anything you don't want anyone to do to you, so don't do that to
others. As for the virtues that Confucius taught, such as proper conduct,
sincerity, honesty, Love, education, justice, service, respect, moderation,
peace, and the search for truth.
Confucius taught about the reward of good and
evil, saying, “Return good with good, and repay evil with justice” (Liki 14
36).
"Wisdom, service, strength, These are the
virtues of the world” (Liki 28 2).
Confucius taught that “True goodness lies in
the heart of a person with two principles: 1. Accepting the goodness of others
as they are and 2. Acting towards them.”
Confucius has said that, There are five virtues
of a ruler: 1. Service means working for the well-being of the people. 2.
Righteousness, do not do what you do not want others to do to you. 3.
Appropriateness, behave towards the people you govern with good hospitality, Beauty
is always. 4. Wisdom, use wisdom and understanding as your guide, and 5.
Sincerity, be sincere to everyone you are involved with, because “without
sincerity the world cannot exist.”
Confucius's view of the government, A good
government should adhere to three principles: 1. Take care to see that, have
enough food for the people; 2. have sufficient military strength; and 3. have
confidence in the people.
Confucius tried to mold the qualities of a good
person that the world wanted to include in the meaning of the word honor. An
honorable person is one who refuses to be a tool for anyone. An honorable
person is a person who makes himself/herself trustworthy in every place. Dedicated
effort into learning, hold on to the good until the life dies. An honorable
person is arrogant, but not arrogant. But there is no honor to be cocky, but
not really arrogant. The shameful thing for an honorable person is that he
can't do what he says.
Confucius mentioned four qualities for a ruler: 1. Being impartial and unbiased 2. Not making self-indulgent judgments 3. Being a bearer of reason is more important than wrong opinion, and 4. A person who is altruistic (Chaiwat Atpat: 269-270).
Ethics of Mahatma Gandhi, There are outstanding
characteristics: Has the highest aim of morality, To understand God
unequivocally. God is peace, truth, light, love, and courage. And God is not a person.
He is the soul of all living things. Gandhi said, "My duty is to serve
God, therefore to serve humanity."
Gandhi has aided in ethics, and religion
together. Ethical concepts are the basis of religious concepts. Therefore,
ethics and religion are integral parts of each other. When we abandon the moral,
we immediately became unreligious.
Gandhi ethics, and political science together. with
the principle that “Power is right, it is an ancient thing, And now it is not
used anymore. Non-violence and compassion are important moral principles.” The
highest moral principle is that we should work unceasingly, for the good of
mankind.”
Gandhi said that morality is a principle that
is stable, certain and fixed, that it is noble, universal, and understood by
all. Consequences of practicing morality, It is indeed a good thing. Conscience
is a noble light. Therefore, conscience is the guardian of moral principles. and
intention is the judge of good and evil. The fruits of good and evil are given
by God to man.
Gandhi said, “If you repay good with that good,
It's a normal agreement to try. But if you repay evil with good, is therefore
the power to withdraw, The good deeds will completely vanish.”
Gandhi considered an act with only intent, as a
moral judgment, good deeds that will be good, must have good intentions.
Ahimsa and Satyagraha, According to Gandhi's view, explain the truth that, Equal to God or the truth is God. The truth is in the mind, the words and the deeds (Chaiwat Atpat: 267,270-271).
Buddhism ethics is divided into 3 levels: 1. Basic ethics 2.
Intermediate ethics and 3. High ethics.
1. Basic ethics, The five precepts are the five
precepts, and the Five Dharma, which is the practice of morality, and moral
support.
2. Middle-class ethics, including the 10
principles of merit-making. It is divided into body, speech, and mind: 1.
Physically, there are 3 ways to avoid killing animals, except for theft, and
abstaining from sexual misconduct. 2. There are three verbal forms: abstaining
from lying and slanderous speech, and abstain from idle chatter, and 3. The
mind is not greedy for other people's things, does not think badly, and does
not see any wrongdoing from the rule of law. See that doing good is good, doing
bad is bad, pay back to your parents, Creatures are born by accident, noble
person, and arahants.
3. High ethics is the practice for attaining the
path of nirvana directly. This practice is called the
Noble Path, meaning the noble way. There are 8 components:
1. Sammaditthi: Consensus means knowing and seeing the 4 Noble Truths clearly
in all respects. 2. Sammakappa: ingenuity means, good idea means, The idea of
liberating the mind from the mundane emotions, from vengeance, from the
persecution. 3. Sammavaja: speak well means, Honest speech 4 in the virtuous
deeds as mentioned in the middle ethics. 4. Sammakammanta: Right work means not
killing animals, not stealing, and being a virgin who is not related to sex. 5.
Sammaahchiva: Right livelihood means that the livelihood is not illegal and
moral, refraining from raising animals for slaughter. 6. Sammawayama: Perseverance
means striving to prevent evil from happening, but let the good happen instead,
and diligently maintain good. 7. Sammasati: Reminiscent means to remember and
become fully conscious, until becoming wise, and can cut the passion, and 8. Sammasamati:
Right intention means to perform asceticism as the basis for attaining the
Noble Truth in the first right sense.
Elements 8 : These Noble Eightfold Path, aid in
the threefold, there are morality, concentration, and wisdom. That is, verses
1-2 is wisdom, verses 3-4-5 are precepts, and verses 6-7-8 are concentration.
General ethics of Buddhism, It is an ethical principle for people of all professions to apply in their daily lives. To bring happiness, success and peace all around. Most general ethics are social ethics. Which human beings should treat each other with compassion, to achieve achievement in general affairs, both in personal and social aspects (Chaiwat Atpat: 235-237,249-250)
Shinto ethics, In the book: An Outline of
Shinto Teachings (Summary of Shinto teachings) of the Shinto Religious
Committee, published 1958 (1957). Addressing ethical issues, By pointing to the
4 qualities of a beautiful mind: 1. A clear heart (Agaki Gogoro) shines
brightly like the sun. 2. A pure heart (Kiyuki Gogoro) shines like a pure white
diamond. 3. A right heart (Dadashi Ki Gogoro). 4. A straight heart (Naoki
Gogoro) is cute and free from wrong attachments.
These four good qualities are one with the
gods. In addition, these four characteristics were included. The same Japanese
word is seimei-sin. A great need in Shintoism is to obey the teachings of the
gods, and fulfilling their duties, with integrity. Under the protection of the
spirits of the ancestors. Therefore, a person must perform a religious ritual
to the gods, and the spirits of their ancestors before other activities.
In the Shinto scriptures, There is a message
showing ethics, as the following example.
"Truth-teller, will not be dangerous, The
one who speaks a lie will surely suffer disaster” (Nihon-Ki 1:317).
“Avoid gluttony, and giving up much of greed, To hurt (others) is evil, courage is good. Refrain from anger, and refrain from gestures that show anger. Do not be envious.” (Nihon-Ki 2: 130 - 131)
Ethics of Taoism, Moral virtues in the Tao Te
Keng scriptures of Taoism are: peace, serenity, simplicity. In addition, it
teaches how to use good with evil and good people. Tenderness is an important
doctrine. As in the Tao Te Keng scriptures as follows:
Tenderness triumphs over toughness: “When a man
is born, he is weak and weak, but at death he is hard and hard. But when he
died, he was hard and hard. When animals and plants are alive, they are soft
and bendable. But when it dies it becomes brittle and dry. Therefore, hardness
and hardness, therefore they are relatives of death. Tenderness and gentleness
are therefore allies of being. Therefore, when the army is strong, it loses the
war. When the tree is hard, it is cut down. Something big and strong will be
below. What is gentle and soft will be on top.”
Answer evil with good. “People who are good to
us, we are good to people who are not good to us, Therefore, everyone should be
a good person, people who are honest with us, We are also honest. Therefore,
everyone should be honest.”
Three Treasures, “I have three treasures that I
should take good care of and maintain them: Number 1 is mercy. Because there is
love, a person has no fear, if you abandon mercy. Number two is not too much,
because not doing too much. A person is perfect, If you neglect your composure,
keep the power, And number three is, don't be the leader of the world. because don't
think I'll be the main character in the world, A person may make the intellect
grow to its fullest. If you abandon following, but like to advance, he dies.”
(Sucheep Punyanupap: 156-239. quoted in Chaiwat Atpat: 280-281)
The Ethics of Peaceful Taoism, He does not like extravagance, he does not like the idea of being dominant in the world, satisfied with humility, not being taller than others, keep the good deeds, aiming to benefit others, without a latent selfishness.
Ethics of Jainism, Jainism has an ethical principle,
which is the five vows to abstain from the bad and the bad, as follows: 1.
Nonviolence, non-harassment and non-destruction of life. 2. Satya,
truthfulness, not telling lies. 3. Astiya, not stealing. 4. Brahmacharya
Conduct of the Brahma (Exempt from sexual abuse). 5. Aparikaha, not
covetousness, not wanting anything.
Abstaining from drinking intoxicating spirits,
go into verse 4. These five declarations are called Anupatta. These 5
principles are for priests directly. For a layman is an ordinary householder. There
is relaxation in verse 4 down to only abstaining from sexual misconduct, and
coexistence with prostitutes.
Ethical principles of Jainism, When combined
into one verse, “Ahusa, Paramo, Dharma, Non-violence, Dharma is extremely
"
Jainism has high ethical principles, which causes access to Moksha or Nirvana in three ways: 1. Right belief, 2. Right knowledge, and 3. Right conduct (Chaiwat Atpat: 281-283).
Ethics in the Vedas, scripture Rigveda, teach
the king, treat the people who are in the rule, like brothers. Should coexist
with the people tenderly towards him, do not oppress him. Is a friend of the
people, Compatible with people in religious service, that is, sacrifice. Speak
well to the people (1:170).
The Atharva Veda says: I
have given my heart and head, in order not to have evil desires towards others,
Individuals should behave towards each other. Like a cow treats a newly born
calf.
“I give you all my heart, to be a good person, and to proceed to the destination in unity. Just as a wise man preserves the elixir of life, evening and morning, All of you be the cradle of peace, and prosperity to you.” (Vedas, Holy Scriptures of Aryans : 21 - 22)
Ethics Upanishad, Upanishad, considered part of the Vedas. It is divided into Mantra, Brahman, and Upanishad. In the Upanishads the emphasis is on philosophical theism, such as. The origin of the world, the state of the gods, the state of the Atman, and the connection between the mind and the object. Therefore, the ethics in the Upanishads states that, “May your mother, Be your god, may your father be treated like a god, may your teacher be honored as a god, may your guest, Be welcomed and cared for like a god.” (Taitriya-Upanishad: 64)
Ethics in Manu Thammasat, Manu Thammasat, classified
in the second layer of evidence. The first level of evidence is the Vedas and
its components called Saruti. The second level of evidence is that the four
scriptures are called Samriti. Manu Thammasat, A doctrine that ethics, “Do not
injure others, do not hurt others mentally or physically, Do not utter a speech
that hurts your fellow human beings.” (Manu Thammasat: 2.163)
“Resist the word offensively, Do not insult anyone, Don't be anyone's enemy, because of the deterioration of the body, don't show anger, bless those who curse, and do not utter untruthful speech.” (Manu science: 6.47-48).
Ethics in scripture Mahabharata, The
Mahabharata is classified as a second level evidence. Like the Manu Thammasat
scriptures, That is, it is in the genre of fiction and is on the topic of Itihasa
(fiction).
“Not hurting anyone mentally, verbally, or
physically, giving to others, and being kind to all, this is the lasting duty
of good people, A person with a high heart is content to do
good deeds. without considering their own benefit, When the consultation to be
useful to others, He did not think of any benefit in return” (Mahabharata 3:
16782-16797).
“Not to hurt, to be truthful, to refrain from stealing, to abstain from pleasure, to refrain from anger and greed, to try to do what pleases, and for the benefit of all beings, this is the equal duty of the person in every caste.” (Srimat Bhagavadgita 11, 17, 21) (Chaiwat Atpat: 283-286)
Ethics of Sikhism, Emphasis on devotion to God.
Scriptures of Sikhism, There is almost nothing other than the text depicting
God. Sikhism certifies good, General evil. Amontas, the third prophet has
taught that:
“There is no penance greater than patience, There
is no greater happiness than solitude, There is no greater evil than greed, There
is no greater merit than kindness, There is no weapon more powerful than
forgiveness. What sow of plants do people sow?, and reap that, If he sows suffering, suffering will be his harvest,
if he sows poison, He could not hope for divine food” (Amontas, the 3rd
Prophet) (M.A Macauliffe : 18.)
“A person should be wary of even the sins
committed unconsciously” (Teghbahadura, 9th Prophet).
“A person should not step on the bed of another's wife, Even in a dream” (Teja Singh M.A.: 17) (Chaiwat Atpat: 286-289)
The ethics of Zoroastrianism have the following
teachings: "Whoever wishes to love Ahuramasta, In
this world, love those who behave right, because of those who behave correctly,
It is like a model of the Lord Ahuramasta”. (Sayashna Saystha 15:7-8)
“Perfection number 1 is good thoughts, number 2
is good speech, number 3 is good deeds” (Sat Sparan 21:15).
“Every good deed you could possibly do today,
Don't stir fry it up for tomorrow, Let it be
done with your hands, and consult with your own spirit”. (Sa Tara 81:10)
“Poverty because of honesty, Better than wealth
due to the wealth of others”(Menoch Ishrat 15:4).
“Only one who speaks the truth, Better than the
whole world telling lies” (Sa Tara 62:5).
“The formation of these four habits are: Saragust's Principles of Religion (Zoroastrian), They are: 1.
Be generous to the worthy 2. Be fair 3. Be friendly with everyone 4. Sincerely
deprive you of unrighteousness” (Sa Tara 65:7).
“A helper to the poor is one who holds Ahurra as a king”. (SBE. 4: 210, 250)
The ethics of Islam has the following
teachings:
1. “The words of tender forgiveness, It is
better than giving alms and hurting the back” (Surah 2:263).
2. "If you declare, give your alms, that's good. But
if you cover, your alms, and give the poor, it would be better, both will be
atonement, for some of your evil deeds, Allah knows what you do” (Surah 2:271).
3. “Do not worship anyone, except Allah, be good
to your mother and father, to relatives, to orphans and to the poor, speak
sweetly to mankind, worship, and pay for the aid of the poor” (Surah 2:42, 43,
44).
4. “Whoever does evil deeds, would believe that
doing evil, only for self-defense, Allah is always knowledgeable and wise”
(Surah 4:111).
5. “Behold, you who have faith, wine and
gambling are evil things done by the devil, forsake them that you may prosper”
(Surah 5:90).
6. “For a thief, male or female, cut off his
hand, that is the reward of its own actions as punishment, to exemplify from
Allah. Allah is the Great, the Wise” (Surah 5:38).
7. “(Food) that is forbidden for you are dead
meat, blood, pork, whatever is devoted to anyone other than Allah, the meat was
strangled, beaten to death, dropped from a height, gored with horns, being
eaten by wild animals (some), except meat, we can kill them, things that are
sacrificed to idols, and it can be divided by using arrows to gamble as an
object of disgust.” (Part of Surah 3.5)
8. “Fight until religious persecution is no
more, and until religion is for Allah. But if it stops fighting, let there be
no more fighting, except with the one who does wrong” (Surah 2:193).
9. “Fight in the way of Allah, to those who
fight against you, But don't start a war (before) oh, Allah does not love
aggressors” (Surah 2:190).
Ethics of Islam, Aiming to teach people to respect honesty, not greed, not jealous of each other, respect each other's promises, refrain from alcohol and gambling (Chaiwat Atpat: 296-267,289-291).
The ethics of Judaism has ten commandments as
follows: 1. Do not have another god before me. 2. Do not make for yourself an
idol, a form, any form, which exists in the air above or which is on the earth
above, or which is in the water beneath the earth. Do not worship or practice
such images. With me, the Lord your God, punish the father who hates us, continually
up to the three and four generations of the descendants. But show mercy to
those who love me, and keep my commandments to thousands of generations. 3. Do
not use the name of Jehovah, your god in vain, For those who call his name in
vain, Jehovah will be punished. 4. Respect the Sabbath, It is a holy day
according to the word of Jehovah. Your Lord has commanded you, accomplish your
work, during six days, on the seventh day, it is the sabbath of Jehovah, your
god. Do not do anything on that day. That you yourself or your daughters or
your daughters or your slaves, or your ox or your donkey, or among your beasts,
or the guests who live in your city gates, so that your slaves will cease to be
healed like you. Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt (Egypt)
and your God, Jehovah, brought you out of there, with a mighty hand, and with
his arm stretched out, Therefore, the Lord your God has commanded you to keep
the Sabbath. 5. Respect your parents, according to the word of the LORD, that
you may live long, and prosper on the earth, which Jehovah your God has given
you. 6. Don't kill people. 7. Do not break traditions, husband and wife. 8. Do
not steal 9. Do not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. Do not be greedy
for your neighbor's wife, do not covet your neighbor's house or his farm, or
his slave or his paint, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your
neighbor.
The ethics of Judaism include the Ten Commandments, which Jehovah commanded Moses to reveal, As a strict practice (Chaiwat Atpat: 291-292,297)
Ethics of Christianity in the New Testament, Ethics
appear in the New Testament, according to various records, of the disciples of
Jesus. Which Jesus said to his listeners: “Whoever slaps one of your cheeks,
turn the other side to him, and whoever stole his cloak, (If he's going to take
a normal shirt, too), don't pull it from him. Give to everyone who asks of you.
and if anyone takes yours, do not protest, You want him to do to you, however. You
shall do the same to them.” (Luke 5.29-31).
Ethics in the New Testament, They are peaceful,
peaceful, compassionate, compatible with the principles of many religions, including
Buddhism. But the difference is in the important point. Judaism and
Christianity have teachings to refrain from killing only humans. Buddhism and
Jainism also teach them to spread compassion to animals. This difference in
banning the killing of animals or not, due to the principle that. Theistic
religion is the belief that God created the world. God created animals for
human food, humans should therefore kill and eat as they wish. As for atheist
religions, which are atheists or atheists, such as Jainism and Buddhism, hold
the principle that animals are afraid of death, know how to love happiness and
hate suffering like a human being.
It can be seen that the ethics or morals of
religion, will differ in some subtleties, but the ethical principles of each
religion. It is for the sake of beauty, kindness to each other, and sympathy
for each other.
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Documents and References
Chaiwat Atpat, Assoc. Prof. Ethics ETHICS
(MORAL PHILOSOPHY). Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Ramkhamhaeng
University.
Prawet Inthongpan, Asst. Prof. Dr. (2010).
Buddhist philosophy in the Tripitaka. Department of Philosophy and Religion, Faculty
of Humanities, Kasetsart University.
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